Г. М. Зиборова трудности перевода общественно- политического текста с английского языка на русский москва росспэн
| скачать Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) Т.И.Гуськова Г.М.Зиборова ТРУДНОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ОБЩЕСТВЕННО- ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ТЕКСТА С АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА НА РУССКИЙ Москва РОССПЭН 2000 ЧАСТЬ I § 1. Инфинитив I. Инфинитив в различных функциях 1. Инфинитив в функции определения переводится на русский язык, как правило, определительным придаточным предложением с модальным глагольным сказуемым, выражающим возможность или долженствование, или же глаголом-сказуемым в будущем времени. This question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Moscow. Этот вопрос будет обсуждаться на конференции, которая должна вскоре открыться (вскоре открывается) в Москве.
The Secretary general was the first to raise this question. Генеральный секретарь первым поставил этот вопрос (...был первым, кто поставил...). Если же эти слова выполняют какую-либо другую синтаксическую функцию, то инфинитив может также переводиться и причастием. The first person to raise objections was the Minister himself. Первым, выступившим с возражениями, был сам министр.
There was nothing to be astonished at. Удивляться было нечему. This was not a matter to be easily agreed upon. He такой это был вопрос, чтобы по нему можно было легко договориться (по этому/такому вопросу договориться было нелегко).
The shape of things to come is shown by the data obtained by the experts. О характере предстоящих событий можно судить по данным, полученным специалистами (экспертами).
Не had no objections to make. У него не было возражений. (Он не мог ничего возразить.) The items to be discussed at the next session were already agreed upon. Вопросы, подлежащие обсуждению на следующей сессии, были уже согласованы.
Automation is one of the ways to increase production. Автоматизация — один из способов повысить производительность (повышения производительности). ^ не вызывает затруднений при переводе на русский язык, он обычно переводится инфинитивом, иногда придаточным предложением. They want to submit a new proposal. Они хотят внести новое предложение. They claim to be working for peace. Они заявляют (утверждают), что они (якобы) трудятся во имя мира (служат делу мира). ^ 1) Инфинитив результата или следствия, которому предшествуют слова such... (as), enough, so... , too... , only, часто имеет модальное значение и переводится на русский язык или инфинитивом, или самостоятельным предложением, вводимым союзами и, но. This question is too difficult to be settled without further consultations. Этот вопрос слишком сложен, чтобы его можно было разрешить (чтобы его разрешить) без дальнейших консультаций. Не managed to obtain this concession from the management only to find that no one really needed it. Он добился этой уступки от администрации, но обнаружил, что она никому не нужна. 2) Если в предложении с инфинитивом в функции обстоятельства результата или следствия нет вышеупомянутых прилагательных и наречий, то инфинитив переводится, в зависимости от сочетаемости слов в русском языке, часто самостоятельным предложением, вводимым союзом и. Last year he resigned his post never to return to public life. В прошлом году он ушел в отставку и никогда уже не возвращался к общественной жизни (государственной деятельности). Примечание. Инфинитив в этой функции представляет трудности при переводе главным образом потому, что он ошибочно может быть принят за обстоятельство цели. Только смысл всего предложения, а иногда и более широкий контекст позволяет определить, является ли инфинитив обстоятельством цели или результата. ^ не представляет трудности при переводе на русский язык. В этих функциях он переводится инфинитивом (в функции подлежащего или обстоятельства цели) или существительным. ^ postpone an election due in a month's time is not technically easy; postponement would require complex legal manoeuvres, which might take weeks. Отложить выборы, которые должны состояться через месяц, непросто с организационной точки зрения; отсрочка потребует сложных правовых маневров, на которые могут уйти недели. Примечание. 1. В сочетании с глаголом to fail или существительным failure инфинитив передает неудавшуюся попытку совершить действие или просто отрицание и часто переводится на русский язык личной формой глагола в отрицательной форме. The negotiators failed to come to agreement. Участники переговоров не пришли к согласию (не смогли договориться). 2. Сочетание is (was) bound с инфинитивом переводится обязательно, неизбежно должно было. It was bound to happen. Это неизбежно должно было произойти (случиться). 5. Инфинитив может быть в предложении вводным элементом: to tell the truth... no правде говоря... , to be frank., если говорить откровенно... , to put it mildly... мягко выражаясь... Примечание. Инфинитив в начале предложения может выступать либо в функции подлежащего или обстоятельства цели, либо быть вводным элементом. Синтаксический анализ предложения дает возможность совершенно точно определить его функцию. ^ 1. Kurds are especially happy with a US pledge last September to protect them against Baghdad. 2. India and Pakistan are racing to put warheads on fast-flying missiles, set on a hair trigger, to be launched at first warning or lost to an incoming strike. 3. Efforts to attract investment by selling Ireland abroad also have a long history. 4. British Airways said, it would install heart monitors and cardial defibrillators devices on all its aircraft within a year, becoming the first international airline to do so. 5. Military rule and disdain for human rights have supposedly made Nigeria a country not to be visited. 6. Even from the point of view of Britain's homegrown capitalists, the current policies are failing. That is the only conclusion to be drawn from the Bank of England's quarterly review and the report of the Commons Treasury and Civil Service Committee. 7. Information comes in floods now, but we haven't installed a way to use the brains with the capacity to filter and distill it. 8. The decision to ban export of beef and cattle from Portugal was made after a sharp increase in the number of cases last year of «mad cow» disease in cattle grown in Portugal. 9. The candidate said this morning that he was fully aware of the obstacles to be faced and the charges that would be made. 10. The Euro-American democracies have, in the new NATO, a central organization to co-ordinate the military actions of those NATO members which decide they need to act. 11. The US government controls exports of strong encryption products to preserve its capability to decode messages from foreign governments and criminals. 12. There are lessons to be learnt from the cold war, but the inevitability of a peaceful outcome is not one of them. 13. Most Japanese educators concede that a reliance on rote learning and cramming does great damage to creativity, and many universities are moving to include interviews and essay writing in their entrance tests. 14. A personal campaign to acquaint the farmers with the facts about this year's agricultural price review will be launched by the Minister of Agriculture on Monday. 15. Peru plans to raise $1 billion through bond sales and loans to help the country's struggling companies restructure debt. 16. Britain had the most extensive network of double taxation agreements in the world to protect companies trading in Britain and other countries from paying tax twice over. 17. The said tax increases to reduce government borrowing would do little to help recession hit industry or reduce unemployment. 18. The United States used the UN inspection team to send a US spy into Baghdad to install a highly sophisticated electronic eavesdropping system. 19. In his semiannual report to Congress, the US Federal Reserve chairman suggested that « storm clouds massing over the western Pacific and headed our way» might dampen demand for US goods and services just enough to relieve inflationary pressure — and render unnecessary a Fed hike in short-term rates. 20. Having shed enough of its history to look outward and prosper in Europe, Ireland has retained enough, up to now, to ameliorate the strains of rapid social change. This is a balance that will be difficult to preserve. 21. The general feeling in Egypt is that the government has won its war against the Islamist militants. What it is still not confident enough to do is to allow political Islam a public voice. 22. Japanese consumers have simply not been purchasing many of the high-ticket items—particularly automobiles and appliances — in sufficient volume to keep Japan's economy moving at the higher rate business would like to achieve. 23. Although Mr.Kim [South Korea"] was the first of the three to embrace the need for a rescue by the International Monetary Fund, he made worrying noises about wanting to renegotiate the deal once he entered office. 24. Mr.Cook is not the first British foreign secretary to arrive in office determined to change things, nor will he be the last to run up against the diplomats' natural scepticism about his ability to do. 25. The achievement [of Ireland] is certainly not to be dismissed, as some would have it, as a matter of statistical fudges, subsidies from Europe and tax dodges for multinationals. But lessons for would-be tigers are either difficult to infer or of little use. 26. Scientology tries to turn its followers' minds and part them from their money, of course it will try to change their lives forever. But so do lots of religions. 27. Any newly elected government can expect to be given the benefit of the doubt by the public. 28. The U.S. Federal law allows the satellite systems to provide network programming only to a viewer who cannot receive the local affiliate of a network using a conventional TV antenna. 29. The United Nations said that a UN delegation would visit China next month to look at what help the country needs to implement its commitments on human rights. 30. This attack on Serbia may be the start of a new trend to restrain thugs and despots, though it does not look terribly likely. 31. They say ways and means must be found whereby developing countries can expand their exports and increase foreign exchange earnings to pay for such internal programmes as power projects, transport services, exploitation of natural resources and industrialization generally. 32. The US President calls on America to accept a global role. 33. To meet the need for increasingly precise forecasts, meteorologists hope to extend their observational system until it covers every corner of the earth. 34. The chancellor in fact, was quick to warn us against raising false hopes on the basis of the new international support given for the pound. 35. The Prime Minister had told the party meeting that as a tough Prime Minister, he refused to be dictated to by any group. 36. [NATO] Already the Europeans cannot agree to finance the modernization programs that were considered essential even before enlargement came into the picture. 37. In London the British Government's special envoy said on returning yesterday from a two-week Far East «factfinding mission», that he was disappointed not to have been invited to take part in the talks on the region's problems. 38. Perhaps BNP [Banque Nationale de Paris] felt left out: it courted Societe General unsuccessfully for two years only to see the bank fall into the arms of Paribas. 39. The retired director of the Brain Institute at the University of California — Los Angeles, devoted his life to studying that complex organ, only to be crippled by a brain disease that leaves its victims unable to care for themselves. 40. Education standards are bound to be hit by the government's latest round of spending cuts, the Education Secretary admitted yesterday. 41. Japan's economic success carries inevitable political consequences, and they are bound to be recognized sooner or later. 42. The announcements of his latest trip is bound to intensify suspicions about the objectives of the Government's manoeuvres. 43. «The US economy already looks fairly bubble-like. Such an economy is bound to slow once stock prices fall, and so the base trend will be a stronger yen once Japan's economy strengthens,)) said a top official in the Finance Ministry. 44. The Chancellor of Germany said he had serious concerns that failure to reach agreement on the EU reforms could lead to complications concerning the European single currency, the euro. 45. Even a public apology from the prime minister for failing to explain his policy failed to turn the tide of opinion in his favour. 46. European Union leaders last night failed to make any breakthroughs on the future financing of the community. 47. The two social workers stood bail of $500 each. When the youth failed to appear, they were summoned to court and ordered to forfeit $300 each... 48. Will Republicans squabble so acrimoniously to define the soul of their party that they condemn themselves to a protracted civil war that, Iwo years from now, will lead not just to failure to recapture the White House but to failure to keep control of Congress? 49. The old controversy about whether government borrowing imposes a burden on the future has lately been given a new airing. Consider, to begin with, the recipe for making a « primary real burden» of the national debt as laid down by Professor Brown of the University of Virginia. 50. To begin with, the cumulative effect of so many cocktail and other parties amounts to a serious physical drain on the U.N. delegates; considerable stamina is required to stand up to some seven hundred social functions a year. 51. It was freely stated, to begin with, that she was little more than a figurehead, used by the politicians of her party to get back into power on a strong wave of emotion which only she could inspire. 52. To judge living standards, it is better to add to GDP the income earned by foreign assets, and to deduct from it the income paid to foreign creditors. 53. The other leg of the Nissan plan is to raise operating margins from below zero up to 5% within two years. 54. The commercial broadcasting industry convinced Americans that it was «good citizenship to consume news at regular intervals)). 55. In many respects the father of both the supersonic Concorde and the wide-bodied Airbus airliners, Henri Ziegler lived long enough to see the recent major restructuring of the French aircraft industry. 56. Behind the closed doors of homes ranging from modest apartments to mansions in Virginia, many foreign servants live in silent despair, toiling long hours for low wages but too fearful, isolated or insecure about what will happen to them to complain or breakfree, human rights advocates and investigators say. 57. It is increasingly recognized that the current peacekeeping resources and powers of the UN are too limited to enable it to intervene effectively in many conflicts. One solution would be to create peace enforcement units, to be made available in clearly defined circumstances. ^ 1. Субъектно-предикативный инфинитивный оборот (конструкция «именительный с инфинитивом»). 1) Предложение с этим оборотом, как правило, переводится сложноподчиненным предложением, главное предложение которого представляет собой неопределенно-личное предложение типа: говорят, сообщают, известно и т. д., придаточное дополнительное вводится союзами что и как. The delegation is reported to have left for London. Сообщают, что делегация выехала в Лондон. 2) Если эта конструкция употреблена в придаточном предложении (обычно в определительном придаточном) или в причастном обороте, то неопределенно-личное предложение в переводе обычно выступает в роли вводного предложения. A move which he is expected to make is an attempt to come to a mutually-beneficial agreement. Шаги, которые, как предполагают, он собирается предпринять, являются попыткой прийти к взаимовыгодному соглашению. The Foreign Ministers of the European Union countries will take part in talks expected to take place early in April. Министры иностранных дел стран Европейского Союза примут участие в переговорах, которые, как ожидается, будут иметь место (состоятся) в начале апреля. 3) В отдельных случаях конструкция «именительный с инфинитивом» может переводиться простым предложением. Much greater economic tasks were seen to lie ahead. Предстояли значительно более важные экономические задачи. 4) Если в английском предложении сказуемое главного предложения стоит в отрицательной форме, то при переводе на русский язык отрицание часто переносится в придаточное предложение. The preliminary talks are not expected to last more than two weeks. Ожидается, что предварительные переговоры продлятся не больше двух недель. Сказуемое может быть выражено сочетанием модального глагола с инфинитивом. При переводе оно передается неопределенно-личным предложением с модальным значением можно ожидать, следует считать и т. п. The settlement may be considered to be of primary importance to the industries concerned. ^ что это решение (урегулирование) имеет решающее значение для тех отраслей промышленности, которых оно касается. 6) Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов в конструкции « именительный с инфинитивом»:
Примечание. 1. После слов likely (unlikely), sure, certain действие, выраженное инфинитивом, обычно относится к будущему времени. The economic problems facing France are certain to have strong repercussions. Стоящие перед Францией экономические трудности наверняка будут иметь серьезные последствия. 2. Если после глаголов to seem и to appear глагол-связка to be перед существительным или прилагательным опускается, то глаголы to seem и to appear имеют значение выглядеть, производить впечатление. Не seems astonished. Он выглядит удивленным. 3. Глагол to suppose может также иметь значение полагаться. Не is supposed to have it. Ему полагается иметь это. ^ 1) Предложение с этим оборотом переводится сложноподчиненным предложением с придаточным дополнительным предложением, вводимым союзами что, чтобы, как. If the Government expected the tenants to take the increase lying down, they were very much mistaken. Если правительство рассчитывало, что квартиросъемщики спокойно отнесутся к повышению квартирной платы, оно сильно ошибалось. Примечание. ^ После глаголов to declare, to consider и to find глагол-связка to be в объектном инфинитивном обороте иногда опускается. 2. Глаголы to hear, to see в сочетании с этим оборотом выражают физическое восприятие и имеют значения: слышать, как; видеть, как (а не переносное значение: слышать, что = узнавать; (у)видеть, что=понимать. замечать). They heard him deny it. Они слышали, как он отрицал это. 3. После глаголов, выражающих физическое восприятие: to watch, to notice, to see и т. д., этот оборот обычно переводится придаточным предложением, вводимым союзом как, если это не противоречит нормам русского языка в отношении данных слов. Так, глагол заметить обычно требует после себя союза что, а не как (Он заметил, что...). 4. Глаголы, требующие после себя предложное дополнение: to wait for, to rely on и др., сохраняют этот предлог перед объектным инфинитивным оборотом. При переводе на русский язык придаточное предложение вводится словами чтобы; то, что... The UN Security Council is waiting for that country to make a decision. Совет Безопасности ООН ждет, чтобы эта страна приняла решение (пока эта страна примет решение). 5. Глагол to get с объектным инфинитивным оборотом имеет значение заставлять. This story was told to get him go to the police station. Эту историю рассказали, чтобы заставить его отправиться в полицейский участок. ^ имя* + инфинитив) может выполнять в предложении различные функции и переводится на русский язык, как правило, придаточным предложением, вводимым союзами что, чтобы. Present plans are for the Prime Minister to make a statement in the first part of next week. В настоящий момент планы состоят в том, чтобы премьер-министр выступил с заявлением до следующей среды (не позже чем в следующую среду). The first thing for us to do... Первое, что мы должны сделать... Иногда инфинитивный комплекс может переводиться инфинитивом или существительным в дательном падеже с инфинитивом. This is no place for us to attempt to throw a strong light on the darkest page of British history. Неуместно пытаться здесь (на этих страницах) пролить яркий, свет на одну из самых мрачных страниц истории Англии. It is not for us to decide. He нам это решать. ^ (существительное + инфинитив) стоит в конце предложения и отделяется запятой. Она передает сопутствующее обстоятельство с модальным значением долженствования. На русский язык переводится предложением, вводимым союзом причем. В газетном тексте встречается довольно редко. The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of oil, delivery to be made in October. Поставщики предложили покупателям 5.000 тонн нефти, причем поставка должна быть произведена в октябре (которые могут быть поставлены...). Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения. 1. The International Court of Justice is expected to play an increasingly important role in facilitating the peaceful settlement of international legal disputes. 2. German nuclear plant operators will be expected to use the time to work out deals to cancel contracts worth millions with reprocessing centers in France and Britain. 3. The discussion is expected to focus on four broad subjects: raw materials and world trade, food supplies and agriculture, prospection, production and consumption of energy, and international financial and monetary problems. 4. Apart from trade, the US President will focus on restructuring the US Social Security system. He is likely to enunciate principle to guide reforms, but not offer a specific plan. At the same time, he is expected to propose using part of the budget surplus to start small, individually controlled savings accounts to which both workers and government would make contributions. 5. The U.S.Federal Reserve Chairman noted that the pace of economic growth in the U.S. is «widely expected to moderate» this year, which the Fed would welcome. 6. While offering no proposal of its own on how to salvage the current arms-inspection system carried by the UN Special Commission in Iraq, the American delegation is expected to oppose monitoring methods that do not allow surprise inspections. 7. The Home Secretary is expected to make a statement next week on the validity of the practice of allowing outside observers, photographers, and television cameramen to be present at the counting of the votes at a parliamentary election. 8. Treasury sources yesterday confirmed that the next 10-year deal over the monarchy's government funding was expected to be significantly lower than the current annual increase, agreed under the last Conservative government. 9. Domestically, the debt-ridden and poorly managed state-sector of China is expected to continue to drag down the consumption. 10. «...no government has ever backed demands for greater efficiency with any sort of clear statement of what exactly the police service is supposed to achieve», a police official stated yesterday. 11. Roads have been built, and by next year every village in Egypt (though not every hamlet) is supposed to have electricity laid on. 12. Foreign secretaries can be useful of course. They are supposed to manage public opinion. They have to keep the House of Commons on side. 13. The US trade representative is said to have reported, in detail, on the latest developments to the EU trade commissioner who plans to visit Beijing for talks on its WTO application next month. 14. True, the euro-group is likely to grow relatively strongly next year. But European financial markets have already been badly buffeted. 15. The US parliamentary revolt against the European Commission was unlikely to get the two-thirds vote needed to succeed. 16. The cutback in housing programmes has been so sharp that the national campaign for the homeless reports that in the next two years no families are likely to be rehoused from the waiting list at all. 17. The Turkish economy, which had been growing at an average rate above 6 percent for the past four years, slowed and is likely to expand by only 2 percent this year. 18. Combine ethnic tensions on the fringes of the Chinese empire with regional tensions along the coast and you have good reason to believe that China /5 more likely to disintegrate than is commonly believed. 19. The report says that it appears that the building industry is unlikely to be reformed from within and that some form of compulsion will be necessary if reasonable standards of construction and finish are to be secured and jerry-building discouraged. 20. No one will refuse to pay less tax, but if they think that by this means they will bribe the electors to vote for them in large numbers, they are likely to be disappointed. 21. The euro is likely to join the dollar as a reserve currency held by central banks around the world, perhaps leading some banks to sell dollars and thereby reduce the value of the American currency. 22. The present fine spell is likely to be brief, predicted the meteorological office last night in its long-range weather forecast. 23. Decontrol alone does not constitute an adequate oil policy. It is not likely to protect the economy against temporary shortages. Nor will it significantly reduce dependence on foreign oil imports in the long term. 24. Petty nations and their petty national demands are thought to be pointless at best; divisive and self-destructive at worst. 25. The epitome of Tory sleaze was Neil Hamilton, a backbench MP who was alleged to have taken a few thousand pounds to ask some questions in parliament. 26. Another intricate problem likely to be reintroduced with the help of a subtle change of name is the problem of medium range ballistic missiles. 27. The three parties likely to take part in a coalition are the Republican People's Party, the Justice Party, and the New Turkey Party. 28. The Minister of Economic Affairs referred today to the statement reported to have been made by the Foreign Secretary on Friday. 29. About 60 people were yesterday reported to have been arrested on subversion charges. 30. The remark, reported to have been made after the announcement of his appointment to London, was widely commented on in the press. 31. The strike, called by the region's main political parties and labor unions, appeared to be one of the largest yet in the troubled provinces. 32. While party leaders still say they support the goals of the program, and promise that it will receive expeditious consideration on Capitol Hill, Democratic anger at many of the proposals appears to be mounting daily. 33. Turnout at the nation's 50.000 polling stations appeared to be heavy. 34. The Bank of England appeared to back off from threats of even more interest rate increases as the slowdown in the economy intensifies. 35. An official investigating the bribery allegations said payments made by local Olympic officials to members of the IOC appeared to have come from the privately funded budget. 36. Just a few years ago, Aum's organization appeared to be wiped out. After the cult masterminded a nerve gas attack that killed 12 people in Tokyo's subway, the Japanese authorities arrested 428 of its members. 37. Win or lose, the EU Commission appeared likely to emerge weakened from its battle with the Parliament over charges of graft, cronyism and mismanagement of EU's 85 billion euro ($ 739 billion) budget. 38. Politics is a rough old trade, as Michael Howard, the former home secretary is finding out. A leading contender for the Tory leadership until this week, his campaign now appears to have been fatally damaged by the claim of one of his junior ministers at the Home Office that he misled the Commons. 39. Hydrocarbons (oil) and political volatility seem to go together. 40. Disenchantment with the President appears to be growing. The political scene has been transformed in the past two months to the point where people are openly talking of the possibility: (1) that the President will not seek re-election; and (2) that he might be beaten if he runs. 41. Europe seems to be slowing down faster than most people expected. 42. The most laudable aim of the Maastricht treaty was to knock the Union's machinery into shape to cope with the club's expected new members from Eastern Europe. Yet on most counts the treaty seems likely to prove disappointing. 43. A group of experts seemed to have solved a dispute about putting workers on boards that has for 25 years blocked a proposed European company statute. 44. Spanish authorities have confiscated copies of last month's edition of « Working Youth». No reason for the action was given, but it was be-lieved to have resulted from an article discussing sackings in a Madrid motor factory. 45. France had what was believed to be its coldest Christmas for 83 years, and in the Jura Mountains the temperature dropped to minus 28 degrees Centigrade. 46. In Zurich there was a scramble to buy marks and the Federal Bank in Bonn was believed to have bought up to 500 million dollars to prevent the mark going through its official « dollar ceiling». 47. The meeting, which lasted just over half an hour, is understood to have taken place at the Prime Minister's request. 48. A Tory MP threatens to name a high-ranking diplomat mentioned as a «senior civil servant» in the trial which ended last week. He is understood to have held top posts in defence and at one time served in Berlin. 49. Japan's prime minister, is said to have taken bribes in return for favours to Nomura, Japan's biggest securities firm. 50. U.S. officials were said to consider that uncertainty was bound to continue unless some drastic measures were taken. 51. Kyoto, the ancient capital of Japan, may be said to have been the birthplace of the first properly organized attempt at a general system of academic instruction in Japan. 52. In matters of sleaze and waste, the EU parliament is commonly said to possess within its own ranks a concentration of practical expertise rivalling any on earth. 53. The Secretary of State was said to have demanded written ground rules laying out foreign policy authority in the administration. 54. The meeting which was said to have lasted several hours on Thursday night, was confirmed Saturday. However, little more than the fact that it had taken place was revealed in the apparently coordinated statements provided by foreign policy spokesmen in the three countries involved. 55. Turkey's rulers were said to fear that expulsion from the Council of Europe might make it more difficult to obtain necessary economic credits and aid. 56. The Titan 4A rocket was said to be carrying an eavesdropping satellite that would have listened in on military and government communications over the Middle East, India, Pakistan and China. 57. There are said to be indications that unless «new information)) is obtained, the proof is unlikely to uncover sufficient evidence for legal action. 58. The police arrested a man who is stated to have been trying to sell the miniature and is said to have confessed to having stolen it. He is slated to have kept it for more than two years in the hope that the theft would be forgotten. 59. His detention without trial is claimed to have been a violation of the European Convention of Human Rights. 60. The experts were felt to have little hope of reducing the differences even if an attempt were made to bring the two parties together. 61. Mexico's worst mine disaster, which is feared to have killed 177 men, claimed another victim today when a distraught relative of a trapped miner ran into the gas-filled pit. 62. The warnings are now shown to have been fully justified: thousands of workers will get the sack. 63. When the Bill reaches Tory peers next week they will either reject it or amend it in a manner certain to be unacceptable to the Government. 64. The German Chancellor is known to feel that Germany has maintained a high level of security spending while many smaller European governments are cutting back their security contributions. 65. The shadow cabinet, most of it strongly opposed to the Brighton decisions, is certain to be granted full weight for its views, and backbenchers will be invited to serve on the sub-committees of the inquiry dealing with the various fields it is investigating. 66. Previously, scholars had believed that the forbidding interior of Chukotka was uninhabited in those ancient times. Chukotka, the area directly across the Bering Strait from Alaska, was found to have a number of sites in its interior which were excavated by the Russian archaeologists. They found a wealth of different types of stone tools and weapons at the sites, including arrowheads, knives and scrapers. 67. It was unbearable to hear this man speak of friendship with Britain as if nothing of importance had happened. 68. About 1 million farmers flooded the capital to hear the prime minister caution them against pressing for more government aid at the expense of the rest of the country. 69. Some Western officials expected the toughest negotiations on distribution of powers to be left until the very end of the talks. 70. The Premier said he expected other delegations to support the draft resolution before it was debated and voted upon in the General Assembly. 71. The analysts expect the next government in Turkey to continue policy reforms and drive down real interest rates. 72. The rapidity with which people are arming themselves with tear gas worries a number of law enforcement officials. Some officials say that they expect the disabling spray to be used increasingly by criminals bent on robbery, rape or assault. 73. At the opening, OPEC's public information director told the journalists: « We don't want to manipulate you, but we need you, the media, to help us get our message across to the man in the street.» 74. A private fund-raising group headed by close friends of the new President may disband following a published report that it used « strong-arm tactics» to get corporations to contribute $50,000 each for a televised gala featuring the President. 75. The crisis is hitting Western Europe several months later than the United States. This will react on the U.S. economy. It will tend to cause the crisis and depression to go deeper and last longer than most economists expect. 76. The United Nations General Assembly, defeating all Western opposition, declared the use of nuclear weapons to be a direct violation of the U.N. Charter. 77. The Spanish prime minister wants Spain to throw off the sense of inferiority caused by its past century's history, and not least by the Franco period. 78. The President now says he wants negotiations on trade to open markets in once off-limits areas including services, manufacturing and farming. 79. The prime minister says that he wants Britain to emerge from the fringes and play a leading role in the European Union. 80. It seems that the Right Wing in the Labour and trade union movement is not prepared to consider anyone who disagrees with them a human being. 81. In a document released today a Harvard University Professor discloses that studies he made in one medium-sized U.S. city showed mayors, police chiefs and other officials to have been on a gambling syndicate's payroll for many years. 82. An association of lawyers says that many owners prefer their own property rather than nearby land to be swallowed by a motorway. 83. Polls repeatedly show that many Britons believe the EU to be remote and democratically unaccountable. 84. Time and again the Prime Minister has assured them that the Government doesn't want to hinder the making of profits. He has done his damnedest to get the trade unions to agree to wage restraint, which would put still more profits into the pockets of the employers. 85. The Prime Minister has decided to get the Cabinet to make an earlier than expected decision on the budget. 86. Public opinion compelled the Government to get the German leaders to arrive at a settlement. 87. The issue is how to make the institutions of democracy work properly, not whether they should exist. Trade barriers are being pulled down, internal markets freed, state industries and services privatized. 88. The report calls for the monarchy in the UK to become professional and accountable. 89. Classification of political systems allows for qualitative judgements to be made in relation to political structures and governmental forms. 90. A National Security Council official said last week that «the NATO theologians are codifying fresh visions for their favorite organization, and the spin doctors see colossal opportunities for the president to bestride TV screens». 91. «Whilst we read the report with interest, any issues of constitutional reform would be a matter for Parliament to decide». 92. The United States and Britain on Friday set a month-long deadline for Libya to surrender two suspects wanted for the 1988 Lockerbie bombing. 93. For the reform forces to pull off a majority on council, all their incumbents will have to hang onto their seats. 94. Mr Tao says it would be «technically feasable» for the Hong Kong government to declare overnight that all Hong Kong dollars held in banks and in circulation would be converted into US dollars. 95. To say that the wages fight is not the only issue, or that higher pay will not on its own solve the crisis, only emphasizes the need for unions like the engineers' to get stuck into the all-round fight for the alternative strategy now developed within the movement. 96. The President was closeted in the White House today preparing his so called ((Economic Renewal» package, as pressure from unemployed millions across the nation continues to build for federal action to provide jobs. 97. Chips are harder for hackers to modify than software. 98. Elitists highlight the tendency for political power to be concentrated in the hands of a priviliged minority. 99. In Japan, the ultimate way for a student to repay his teacher is to beat him at his own game. And having learned so well from the West, it is flattering to the Japanese to be told that the West may now have something to learn from them. 100. For Europe to drive forward it needs leadership. 101. For Egypt to get anywhere near its growth target, it will have to persuade Egyptians to save and foreigners to invest. 102. The rise of homeless emphasizes the desperate need for the Government to fulfil its pledge to meet the problem with a lower rate of interest for housing. 103. Although the Minister of Health yesterday did not accept the conditions described as typical, the revelations made it hard for reassuring phrases like « best in the world» and «tremendous step forward)) to avoid having a slightly hollow ring. 104. In these circumstances the party leaders had no plan for the Prime Minister to make a unity appeal when he attends today's party meeting. 105. An Atomic Energy Authority spokesman said it was not unusual for one or two reactors to be shut down at weekends under normal conditions. But in view of possible staff shortages it had been decided to close down three. 106. And having made this guess, he thought it completely in order for an MP to announce it, as if it were a hard fact provided by a government official. 107. There is too much slackness in many key industries. Too many employers complain of short order books and too many firms give notice of redundancy for there to be any complacency among trade unionists. 108. A first group of more than 50 immigrants was freed from detention centres in Sicily yesterday, hundreds more to follow in the next few days.
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